Islam largely vanished from Peru after the Spanish colonial period, which actively suppressed the Moriscos and other Muslim descendants who had arrived with early Iberian settlement. The faith re-established itself in the 1940s, when Palestinian and Lebanese Muslims fleeing conflict in the Middle East settled in Lima, later joined by smaller numbers of migrants from Bangladesh and elsewhere in South Asia. Today, associations such as the Asociación Islámica del Perú and the mosque in the Magdalena del Mar district serve a community estimated at only a few thousand nationwide — earlier congregations in Jesús María and Villa El Salvador closed for lack of sustained funding.
Lima sits on Peru's Pacific coastline at roughly 12 degrees south, but the country's territory climbs from that coastal desert into Andean peaks well above 4,000 meters and down again into Amazon lowlands to the east. A schedule calculated for sea-level Lima does not transfer cleanly to a highland city like Cusco, where both elevation and a shifted longitude change the times of sunrise, Maghrib and Isha by several minutes.
With no Peruvian fatwa council of its own and only a handful of associations serving a small, geographically scattered community, Lima's mosques rely on the Muslim World League's angles as the internationally recognized default rather than any home-grown alternative.
Colonial-era persecution of Moriscos had all but erased the earlier Muslim presence, so the modern community dates from the 1940s arrival of Palestinian and Lebanese refugees rather than any continuous history since the colonial period.
No — Cusco sits at over 3,400 meters in the Andes and at a different longitude than coastal Lima, so its Fajr, Dhuhr and Maghrib times shift noticeably from the capital's, even though both cities are at similar latitudes.
Lima's persistent garúa fog can obscure the horizon for visual sunset observation for much of the year, which is part of why a calculated time — rather than waiting to see the sun disappear — is the practical standard used locally.
Yes — Friday prayer replaces Dhuhr and is held close to the calculated Dhuhr time shown above, with the exact khutbah start set by each association.